Algeria

Angola

Argentina

Australia

Austria

Azerbaijan

Bahrain

Bangladesh

Belarus

Belgium

Benin

Bolivia

Botswana

Brazil

Bulgaria

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cambodia

Cameroon

Canada

Chad

Chile

China

Colombia

Congo (Dem. Rep.)

Costa Rica

Côte d'Ivoire

Czech Republic

Denmark

Dominican Rep.

Ecuador

Egypt

El Salvador

Ethiopia

Finland

France

Germany

Ghana

Greece

Guatemala

Guinea

Haiti

Honduras

Hungary

India

Indonesia

Ireland

Israel

Italy

Japan

Jordan

Kazakhstan

Kenya

Kuwait

Laos

Madagascar

Malawi

Malaysia

Mali

Mexico

Morocco

Mozambique

Myanmar

Nepal

Netherlands

New Zealand

Nicaragua

Niger

Nigeria

Norway

Oman

Pakistan

Panama

Paraguay

Peru

Philippines

Poland

Portugal

Qatar

Romania

Russia

Rwanda

Saudi Arabia

Senegal

Serbia

Sierra Leone

Singapore

Slovakia

South Africa

South Korea

Spain

Sri Lanka

Sudan

Sweden

Switzerland

Syria

Tajikistan

Tanzania

Thailand

Togo

A measure of the change in average food costs, as captured through the Food CPI which tracks changes in the price of the average basket of food goods since 2015.

Proportion of population under global poverty line

A measure of the prevalence of poverty, calculated as the percentage of the population living on less than US$3.20/day at 2011 purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates.

A measure of individual income (GNI per capita at 2011 PPP) adjusted for levels of inequality.

A measure of the average most-favoured nation (MFN) tariff applied on all agricultural imports.

A measure of trade freedom, a composite metric that measures the extent of tariff and non-tariff barriers affecting the import and export of goods and services. The Heritage Index of Freedom calculates the trade freedom score based on two inputs: trade-weighted average tariff rate and non-tariff barriers.

A composite indicator assessing the presence and nature of food safety-net programmes.

Are food safety net programmes present in the country and able to reach the populations who need support?

Is there evidence that the food safety net programmes have sufficient funding?

Do the food safety net programmes have national coverage and include a broad range of services?

Are the food safety net programmes operated by the government and not-dependent on external operational or funding support?

A composite indicator that measures resources and inputs for farmers.

Access to finance and financial products for farmers

Do farmers have access to basic, affordable financial services (savings and credit)?

Do farmers have access to diversified financial services beyond savings and credit?

A measure (PPI) of the average annual change over time in the selling prices received by farmers (prices at the farm-gate or at the first point of sale).

Do farmers have access to agricultural extension or advisory services?

Do farmers have access to community organisations (for example, producers' associations, cooperatives, unions, and federations)?

Does the country have a national policy or strategy focused on supporting women farmers or improving women’s access to agricultural inputs?

A composite indicator that measures agricultural research and development.

Public expenditure on agricultural research and development

A measure of government spending on agricultural R&D, as captured through the Agricultural Orientation Index, a proxy indicator assessing public investment in agriculture.

Access to agricultural technology, education and resources

A measure of access to agricultural technology, education and resources, the total factor productivity (TFP) of agriculture, which assesses the productivity of agricultural inputs (land, labour, investment) as captured by annual growth in agricultural output minus annual growth in agricultural inputs.

Does the country have a policy framework that facilitates development of innovative agricultural technology?

Is there evidence of government, multilateral/donor or private sector funding to improve crop storage in the past 5 years?

A measure of the percentage of cultivated agricultural area which is equipped for irrigation.

A measure of mobile subscribers per 100 inhabitants.

A measure of the fluctuations in agricultural production, as captured by the standard deviation in the growth rates of cereal and vegetable production over the most recent 5-year period for which data are available.

A measure of post-harvest and pre-consumer food loss as a ratio of the domestic supply (production, net imports and stock changes) of crops, livestock and fish commodities (in tonnes).

A composite indicator that measures the ability to transport crops to market.

A measure of national transport and logistics performance (Logistics Performance Index) using six indicators related to main inputs to the supply chain and supply chain performance outcomes.

What is the quality of the national road infrastructure?

What is the quality of the national port, air and rail infrastructure?

A composite indicator that measures the availability of food.

A measure of the adequacy of food available for human consumption as a percentage of the average dietary energy requirement.

A measure of whether a country is a recipient of chronic food aid by assessing change in average emergency food aid per capita received over the past 5 years.

A composite indicator that measures political and social barriers to access.

An assessment of the risk of armed conflict. 

An assessment of general political instability.

An assessment of the risk and pervasiveness of corruption in a country. 

A measure of gender inequality inclusive of health, education, political capital and economic power.

Food security and access policy commitments

A composite indicator that measures food security and access policy commitments.

An assessment of whether there is a food security strategy in the country. 

An assessment of whether the government is responsible and can be held accountable for food security. 

A measure of the share of non-starchy foods (all foods other than cereals, roots and tubers) in total dietary energy consumption.

A measure of the share of sugars [Sugar (Raw Equivalent), Sweeteners Other, Honey, Sugar beet, Sugar cane, and Sugar non-centrifugal]  in total dietary energy consumption.

Has the government published and implemented dietary guidelines? Does it have plans in place for their timely re-evaluation?

An assessment of whether the government has a current, published national strategy to improve nutrition for both children and adults. 

An assessment of whether the government requires packaged foods to include nutrition labelling information (nutrient declarations) in accordance with Codex recommendations (calories, protein, carbohydrates, fats, sodium, sugar).

An assessment of whether the government monitors the nutritional status of the general population. Examples of monitoring and surveillance include the collection of data on undernourishment, nutrition-related deficiencies, etc.

A measure of the availability of Vitamin A, expressed in micrograms of retinol activity equivalent (RAE)/capita/day on a 0-2 scale.

A measure of the availability of iron, expressed in mg/capita/ day.

A measure of the availability of zinc, expressed in mg/capita/day

A measure of the amount of high-quality protein in the diet using the methodology of the Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS). The PDCAAS methodology assesses the presence of nine essential amino acids in the average national diet. The inputs for this calculation include: the amino acid profile, protein digestibility value and the average amount (in grams) consumed of each food item that contributes a minimum of 2% to total protein consumption.

A composite indicator that measures the enabling environment for food safety.

Has the country enacted food safety legislation, and has the legislation been updated in the past 5-10 years?

A measure of the efficacy of food safety mechanisms, as captured by a WHO-assigned score based on a 20+-question country self-assessment on food safety, including national standards, legislation, guidelines, laboratory capacity assessments and food recall and tracing plans. Scores are provided on a 0-100 scale.

A measure of the percentage of people using safely managed drinking water services.

A measure of food storage and access to refrigeration, as captured through the proportion of the population with access to electricity, a proxy indicator.

A measure of projected temperature rise. The projected change is the absolute change of the Warm Spell Duration Index from the baseline year (1960-1990) to the future projection (2040-2070), using an intermediate emissions scenario (RCP4.5 see IPCC, 2014).

A measure of projected susceptibility to drought.

A measure of extreme precipitation under climate change, a risk factor for flood hazard. The projected change is the percentage change of the flood hazard from the baseline projection (1960-1990) to the future projection (2040-2070), using an intermediate emissions scenario (RCP4.5 see IPCC, 2014). The flood hazard is measured by the monthly maximum precipitation in 5 consecutive days.

A measure of projected sea level rise. For landlocked countries, an estimate is provided based on the country’s major coastal trading partners.

A measure of the ratio of total annual water withdrawals to total available annual renewable supply. Data is based on the WRI’s agriculture weighting scheme and is an average of baseline water stress, inter-annual variability, seasonal variability, upstream storage and groundwater stress.

A measure of the risk that water might be polluted. Data is based on the WRI’s agriculture weighting scheme for return flow ratio and upstream protected land.

A composite indicator that measures the health of land, and how land degradation might impact agriculture.

A measure of the proportion of land that is degraded over total land area

A measure of greenhouse gas emissions from the drainage of organic soils (e.g. peatlands) under grassland (Net emissions / removals of CO2, gigagrams).

A measure of the health of forests (change in forest areas as a percentage of total land area).

A measure of organic carbon present in soil (tonnes per hectare)

A composite indicator that measures the health of oceans, a crucial source of protein for many populations.

What is the potential for coastal eutrophication?

A measure of the health of marine life represented by a country’s total catch that comes from overexploited or collapsed stocks, considering all fish stocks within a country’s exclusive economic zone. A score of 100 indicates that none of a country's fish catch come from stocks that are overexploited or collapsed, and a score of 0 indicates worst performance.

A composite indicator that measures the degree to which countries are creating systems and adopting practices to manage the risk that exposure poses to the agricultural sector.

A measure of climate mitigation- and adaptation-related official development assistance (ODA) allocated to recipient countries.

Environmental- economic accounting implementation

An assessment on the status and implementation of the SEEA (System of environmental-economic accounting). Data collection on SEEA implementation status by country started in 2017.

Early-warning measures / climate-smart Agriculture

Has the country committed to developing early-warning measures for the agricultural sector and invested in climate-smart agricultural practices?

An assessment of whether countries are committed to addressing agriculture-related climate exposure and natural resource management under the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC). NDC mitigation measures include croplands, grasslands, forest management, degraded lands, coasts and peatlands. NDC adaptation measures include water management, soil, fisheries and aquaculture, and agroforestry.

Does the country have a current national climate change strategy which covers adaptation for agriculture?

Is there a national policy that promotes sustainable agricultural practices? Does the government provide incentives for sustainable agricultural practices?

A composite indicator that measures disaster risk management.

Is there a national policy in place to mitigate the risk of pest infestation and infections from diseases on production? The national policy can include measures such as use of technology for monitoring pests, suggested crop selection and cropping techniques,  or use of natural pesticides.

A measure of whether countries are coordinating their disaster risk management and their adaptation and mitigation measures. For countries not covered by the dataset, the EIU has undertaken qualitative research. Where information is not publicly available, the EIU has not given credit.

The proportion of the population who do not receive the minimum number of required calories for an average person, as defined by the FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation in 2001.

The percentage of children under five years who have a height-for-age below minus two standard deviations of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO reference median.

The percentage of children under five years who have a weight-for-age below minus two standard deviations of the NCHS/ WHO reference median.

An estimate of the percentage of people in the population who live in households classified as severely food insecure. A household is classified as severely food insecure when at least one adult in the household has reported to have been forced to reduce the quantity of the food, to have skipped meals, having gone hungry, or having to go for a whole day without eating because of a lack of money or other resources.

Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity

An estimate of the percentage of people in the population who live in households classified as moderately or severely food insecure. A household is classified as moderately or severely food insecure when at least one adult in the household has reported to have low quality diets and might have been forced to also reduce the quantity of food they would normally eat because of a lack of money or other resources.

A composite index that measures development by combining indicators on life expectancy, educational attainment, and income.

The Democracy Index provides a snapshot of the state of democracy in 165 states and 2 territories. The index includes indicators in the following 5 categories: Electoral process and pluralism, Functioning of government, Political participation, Political culture, and Civil liberties.

Measures the percentage of the population, over 18 years of age, that is obese. Obesity is defined as having an age-standardized body mass index (BMI) greater than 30.0.

Global Food Security Index 2022

Explore countries

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

Y

Z

Get the full data and explore the Global Food Security Index 2022

Download the index